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2015年3月14日星期六

Basic Verbs that are Different in Chinese and English

When I learned English, I always made some mistakes which known as ‘Chinglish’ where I would use English in a Chinese way. Now as a Chinese teacher, I know the words or grammar points that I struggled with are difficult for my native English-speaking students as well. It’s a huge topic that I don’t think I can talk about it in one sitting. So I decided to start with some very simple and common verbs. Before you start to read, please promise me you won’t tell others that I used these funny English expressions before.

看书(kàn shū)- read a book
The very first thing I remembered I always said was ‘see a book’ instead of ‘read a book’. Since in Chinese, ‘看(kàn)(see)’ is the right verb for book not ‘读(dú)(read)’ because you read a book by looking at it.

喝汤(hē tāng)- eat soup
‘Drink soup’ is another mistake I made. So for you Chinese learners, please remember you don’t ‘吃(chī)(eat)’ soup but ‘喝(hē)(drink)’ it. I didn’t think that it made sense to use ‘eat’ for soup until one day I realized the western soup was quite different from Chinese style. If you can’t remember ‘喝汤(hē tāng)’ I suggest you go to an authentic Chinese restaurant and order a soup.

吃药(chī yào)- take medicine
‘Eat a pill’ used to be my English way for saying ‘take medicine’. I have to say I still think the Chinese verb ‘吃(chī)(eat)’ makes more sense than ‘take’. It’s the same action as you eat your meal, right?

坐车(zuò chē)- take/ride a bus
For a long time, I couldn’t get the verb ‘坐(zuò)(sit)’ out of my brain when I said ‘take/ride a bus/train/plane’. So for Chinese learners, please remember it’s not ‘拿(ná)(take)’, not ‘骑(ride) but ‘坐(zuò)(sit)’+车(chē)(vehicle)/火车(huǒ chē)(train)/飞机(fēi jī)(airplane)’ because you sit within these vessels.

开电脑(kāi diàn nǎo)- turn on a computer
If you hear a Chinese person say, ‘could you please open your computer?’ don’t be surprise. He/she probably means ‘turn on your computer’. In Chinese, ‘turn on’ and ‘open’ are the same word ‘开(kāi)’. ‘开电脑(kāi diàn nǎo)(turn on a computer)’ and ‘开窗(kāi chuāng)(open windows)’ seem like the same type of action to me.

I really like this topic. I think it not only shows the difference of words but also shows the different reflections of this world between two nations. For example, I had a disagreement with one of my students. I thought radish and carrot belonged to same biological species because they were both named as ‘萝卜(luó bo)’ in Chinese. But she couldn’t agree with me at all because she couldn’t see any connection between the two English words. Isn’t that interesting? If you are also interested in this topic, please let me know. I think that’s enough for this time. I hope these tips will help your Chinese and to understand ‘Chinglish’ better. See you next time.


2014年12月2日星期二

Lesson 4: Yes? No?

Compare to English, I think the structure of question sentence in Chinese is much easier. The yes-or-no question is pretty similar as a statement sentence. The only difference is the question mark character ‘吗’(ma). Put ‘吗’(ma) at the end of a statement sentence and now you are asking question.
Let’s take sentences we learnt as an example:
Statement: 我(wǒ)是(shì)Vera。= I’m Vera.
Question: 我(wǒ)是(shì)Vera吗(ma)?= Am I Vera?

Statement: 我(wǒ)爱(ài)你(nǐ)。= I love you.
Question: 我(wǒ)爱(ài)你(nǐ)吗?= Do I love you? (Actually ‘你(nǐ)爱(ài)我(wǒ)吗(ma)?’ is more useful. It is said in a relationship, it’s a most frequent asked question by a girl.)

There is no order changing in a yes-or-no question in Chinese. When you know a statement sentence, you can always changed it to a question. Notices: you still need a question mark ‘?’, although you already have ‘吗(ma)’.

The answer for such a question is easy, too. In most cases:
yes=是(shì)
no=不(bù)
A:你(nǐ)爱(ài)我(wǒ)吗(ma)?
B:是(shì)。

A:你(nǐ)是(shì)Vera吗(ma)?
B:不(bù)。

I know you learnt something now. But all this you can find on textbook. Why do you read this? Because I have something that not on textbook. Every time, when I taught this in class, I was confused. I noticed though ‘是(shì)’ and ‘不(bù)’ are standard answers to a yes-or-no question, not a lot of people will really use that. So let’s see how a real Chinese will answer the question:
A:你(nǐ)是(shì)Vera吗(ma)?
B:是(shì)的(de)。
I guess modern Chinese language prefers a two syllables, so a lot of people will use ‘是的’(shìde) instead of ‘是(shì)’.

A:你(nǐ)喜(xǐ)欢(huan)狗(gǒu)吗(ma)?
B:嗯(èn)。
This one is always used with a nod. It’s also often used in a call. I will say ‘嗯’(èn), ‘嗯’(èn), ‘嗯’(èn) during a call just like you will say  ‘yes’, ‘yes’, ‘yes’.

A:你(nǐ)喜欢(xǐhuan)咖啡(kāfēi)吗(ma)?
B:喜欢(xǐhuan)。/不(bù)喜(xǐ)欢(huan)
Repeat the verb is another common way to express ‘yes’. For negative, use ‘不’+ verb.




2014年11月11日星期二

Lesson3: I’m a beauty!

If there is a verb we need to learn first, I will say it’s definitely 是(shì). As a verb, it’s usually translated into ‘to be’. One thing surprised me was one of my American student didn’t understand what ‘to be’ is. I spent a lot of time on explaining it’s ‘am, is, are’. As I mentioned before, there is no verb conjugation. So 是(shì) is the only word for ‘am, is, are’ in Chinese. It’s often used as:

Subject + 是(shì) + Object.

Generally, the usage is quite similar as English. I will say it’s quite boring. But in this sentence pattern, the object should be a noun not an adjective. Now let’s practice a little. Here is some words:
我(wǒ)      I
你(nǐ)      you
他(tā)      he
这(zhè)      this
那(nà)      that
中(zhōng)国(guó)人(rén)    Chinese people
美(měi)国(guó)人(rén)      American people
美(měi)女(nǚ)         beauty
帅(shuài)哥(gē)       handsome guy
傻(shǎ)子(zi)         fool
天(tiān)才(cái)        genius

Make creative sentences as much as possible.

我(wǒ)是(shì)美(měi)女(nǚ)!

The reason why I selected 是 today is not just because the verb ‘to be’. It’s ‘yes’ in Chinese, too. How important that is! Technically, any yes-no question can be answered as ‘是’. Every time my teacher or boss talk to me, I will continuously say:  ‘是’, ‘是’, ‘是’ with a sincere face, which can make their speech as short as possible.

BTW, the title is just an example sentence. I didn’t mean it.

2014年11月4日星期二

Lesson2: All about name.

In Confucius’s philosophy, ‘name’ is a very important concept. So in lesson two, let’s talk about ‘name’.

我(wǒ)叫(jiào)~~

If you open any textbook, you can definitely see that sentence. It’s still a basic sentence: Subject + Verb + Object. The verb here ‘叫’ means ‘to call’, ‘to be called’. Literally the sentence means ‘I am called…’. If you want to ask others’ name:
A:你(nǐ)叫(jiào)什(shén)么(me)名(míng)字(zì)?
B:我(wǒ)叫(jiào)张(zhāng)晓(xiǎo)丽(lì)。
什(shén)么(me)   what
名(míng)字(zì)   name

If we look at the name ‘张(zhāng)晓(xiǎo)丽(lì)’, in most cases, the first character is a surname. There are hundreds of surname in Chinese. If you are interested in that, a book <百(bǎi)家(jiā)姓(xìng)> lists most common surname. Back to the first name, unlike western name, Chinese parents pick one or two meaningful characters for kid. Take my name as example: ‘晓(xiǎo)’ is a character that for my generation in my family. My paternal cousins all share that character. The last one ‘丽(lì)’ means ‘pretty’. My parents wished I was pretty! So sad that wish not always come true. But you can still pick one or two characters you like as your Chinese name.

Sounds wonderful right? Actually not. Technically you can choose any characters you like, however there are some rules you need to pay attention:
1.    Don’t name yourself as an object: 猫(māo),狗(gǒu),苹(píng)果(guǒ),牛(niú)奶(nǎi)(For meaning of these words, please go back to the last lesson)… I do have a student named himself as ‘bacon’. I mean I can tell his passion of food but it’s not a good Chinese name at all.
2.    No negative image in Chinese: 鬼(guǐ)(ghost), 血(xuè)(blood), 泪(lèi)(tear)…
3.    Some characters only suit girl. Vice verse.

Tips: if you don’t have any Chinese friends help you to check your Chinese name, here are some safe characters for name.
Male: 伟(wěi)-great,仁(rén)-mercy,德(dé)-moral,光(guāng)-bright,明(míng)-bright, smart,诚(chéng)-loyal, 轩(xuān)-high,tall,康(kāng)-healthy,文(wén)-knowledgeable.
Female:婷(tíng)-tall and pretty,颖(yǐng)-smart,妍(yán)-beautiful,文(wén)- knowledgeable,慧(huì)-smart,雪(xuě)-snow, pure,静(jìng)-quiet, peaceful,玉(yù)-jade

Last but not the least, don’t call your friend’s Chinese name before you make sure you are close enough. It’s very rude for one to call others’ name especially those who are elder or in the higher position than you. I thought I was quite comfortable with American culture until one day, my colleague introduced me to her cute 8-year-old girl: This is Vera, say ‘Hi’. Since that time, she always calls me ‘Vera’. I mean I understand that’s American culture. But this is the image in my mind: